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Everyone wants to build systems that handle 1 million requests per second.
Almost nobody asks a more important question:
What happens when one dependency becomes just 200 ms slower?
That's where real outages begin.
Modern systems rarely fail because CPUs hit 100%.
They fail..
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because latency compounds.
API → Auth → Cache → DB → Kafka → Notification
Each service adds only 200 ms.
Suddenly a request takes over a second.
Queues grow.
Retries begin.
More traffic hits already overloaded services.
Thread pools fill.
Circuit breakers open...
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