I started with a simple question: what is a robot? A robot is a programmable machine that carries out physical tasks. It doesn’t have to look like a human. Think of a robot vacuum moving around a room. How does it know something is in its way? How does it move? That’s where its components come in. • Sensors are devices that allow robots to sense their environment. They help a robot detect things like light, temperature, or an obstacle ahead. • Controllers receive information from the sensors and follow programmed instructions to decide what the robot should do. If an obstacle is too close, the instruction could be to stop. • Actuators are devices that produce movement in robots. For example, motors turn the wheels to move the robot. • Gears transfer movement from the motor to the wheels. They can reduce speed and increase turning force, helping the motor move the robot. • The power supply provides the energy these parts need to work. In a small mobile robot, this is usually a battery. This also helped me connect software to hardware. Your code contains the instructions. The controller runs them and sends electrical signals to a motor driver, which controls power to the motors. So when the sensor detects an obstacle, the program can respond by telling the motors to stop or turn. These are the basics for now. I’ll go deeper into each topic as I progress through the plan.