Since missing the point and moving the goal posts appears to be a favourite pastime for folks, let me reiterate the main point I was making once again.
For about thirty years, Moscow kept reaching out and kept hitting a closed door.
In 1990, Gorbachev agreed to let a reunified Germany join NATO. US Secretary of State James Baker told him the alliance wouldn't move "one inch eastward." By 2004, NATO had added ten new members across Central and Eastern Europe, three of them former Soviet republics sitting right on Russia's border.
Yeltsin wrote to NATO in 1991 floating the idea of Russian membership. Russia joined Partnership for Peace and signed a founding agreement with NATO in 1997. Enlargement went ahead anyway. Russia's own membership was never seriously on the table.
In 1999, Russia wanted the Kosovo crisis handled through the UN. NATO bombed Yugoslavia without UN approval. Russia's prime minister got the news on his way to Washington and turned his plane around over the Atlantic.
Then came Putin, who was very much pro-West if we wish to point at missed opportunities. He reportedly asked NATO's secretary-general when Russia might join. He addressed the German parliament in German. After 9/11 he was the first world leader to call Bush, shared intelligence, and didn't stand in the way of US bases in Central Asia. What came back? The US walked out of the ABM Treaty, invaded Iraq over Russia's objections, and NATO took in the Baltics.
In 2007, Putin offered to share a Russian-run radar in Azerbaijan instead of the US building missile defence in Poland and the Czech Republic. No deal. US systems went up in Romania and Poland anyway.
The next year, America's own ambassador in Moscow warned Washington that Ukraine joining NATO was Russia's brightest red line. Weeks later, at the Bucharest summit, NATO announced that Ukraine and Georgia would become members someday.
Medvedev proposed a new European security treaty in 2008 and published a full draft. It was politely shelved.
Then came the "reset." Russia signed New START, opened a supply route into Afghanistan, backed UN sanctions on Iran, cancelled a missile sale to Tehran, and abstained on the Libya resolution instead of vetoing it. The no-fly zone turned into regime change, and Congress followed up with sanctions on Russian officials.
In 2013, Russia brokered the deal to remove Syria's chemical weapons, sparing Washington a war it didn't want.
A few months later, a European-mediated agreement in Kyiv fell apart within a day, and the West recognized the new government almost immediately.
Merkel later said the Minsk agreements bought Ukraine time to get stronger. Moscow took that as proof the deal was never meant in good faith.
And in December 2021, when Russia put written security proposals on the table, the central demand was rejected outright.
Tell a country long enough that it will never be a partner, and eventually it stops trying to be one.
This is such a cynical and frankly ignorant take. Russia did open up to the West in the 1990s. It took Western advice only to see the GDP fall by roughly 40%, life expectancy plummet and the parasitic oligarchs plunder the state resources. This was the peak of oligarch power not the cure for it.
Putin was keen on building bridges with the West, equitably. He was the first world leader to call Bush after 9/11, he backed the Afghan campaign and he spoke of partnership to the Bundestag amongst other things. The response was exit from the ABM Treaty by the US, NATO expansion to the Baltics in 2004 and a 2008 pledge that Ukraine and Georgia would join.
Meanwhile the economy grew ~7% a year in 2000–08, poverty fell from 29% to about 11% by 2012, foreign debt was paid off early, and life expectancy hit a record by 2019.
The West is only comfortable with Russia when she is broken and compliant. It has never accepted a Russia that set her own course. The only way she was welcome at the table was if she sat by the service exit and was grateful for the scraps while others gorged themselves at her expense.