Here’s a model to help think through why the US and Iran are struggling to reach a deal to end the war.
Since the outset of the fighting, both sides have mainly tried to use economic pressure to push the other towards what they consider a “fair” settlement of the conflict.
But the economic pressure accumulates differently for each country. Iran must experience much higher levels of pressure to consider a diplomatic settlement with the Trump administration. But unlike for the US, there is also a point on Iran’s pressure “frontier” when a deal becomes less likely.
In short, Iran is too far along its curve. The experience of “maximum pressure” sanctions, the blockade, and the war have undermined confidence that a deal is possible.
This is why Iran is seeking an interim arrangement. They want US to walk back the pressure, allowing the two sides to return to the “deal window.”
The problem is that the Trump administration doesn’t seem to understand this model—they neither accept the diminishing returns of more economic pressure nor its counterproductive impact on the prospects for a deal.